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blamed psychic medium John fantastic now

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it looks like the riding in England has

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finally calmed down I don't want to

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speak too soon because I could be wrong

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but after four days and 40 nights and

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not without loss of life it does seem to

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have settled John it wouldn't had a

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premonition about this it was really

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strange i was i was there for 19 days I

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was touring roll through the UK and

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before I went there I had my daughter

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with me it was for it before I went my

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wife I had a conversation and she was

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able to come with my son and long story

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short I had a weird vibe about going

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there and I wasn't sure if it was gonna

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be like a terrorist attack or if it was

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gonna be civil unrest and my wife was

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like well maybe it's not a good idea we

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take our four-year-old daughter and you

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go and I said no no we're gonna be fine

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everything's gonna be good and it was

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like moments after we left there that

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does took place I didn't exactly what

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was gonna be but I think somebody

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recently asked me what word scares me

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and one of the words that scares me is

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the word ignorance and the other word

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that I don't like is entitlement and

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when you see stuff like that that people

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would feel so entitled for whatever

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reason that they would be it's okay to

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do that and exhibit bad behavior it's

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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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welcome to the skeptic zone episode

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number 147 Richard Saunders speaking to

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you from Sydney Australia the dog

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barking outside somewhere which I can't

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do anything about hey quiet Rover on

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this week's show well we kicked off with

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haha John Edward ah John Edward doesn't

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like the word entitlement a people

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shouldn't be entitled to do naughty

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things really John Edward and what was

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the other word that scares you John

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Edward ignorance thank you John Edward

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for your incredible hindsight's about

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the riots in London well it's just leave

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John Edward for the moment but we do

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have some good things on the show we

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have dr. Richie dr. Reggie reports

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talking this week to dr. ginger Campbell

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all about brain science sign apses and

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neurons false memories all that sort of

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stuff you know dr. ginger Campbell was

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our very first live guest on the skeptic

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zone when we did our very first episode

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from dragoncon in Atlanta Georgia in

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2008 and so sad that we won't be

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visiting Dragon Con this year this is

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the first time in three years that the

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skeptics don't haven't been to dragoncon

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unfortunately it's just a very very very

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long way to go and I will maybe next

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year maybe next year to all those people

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going to dragoncon have a hell of a time

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on our behalf following dr. ratio

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reports we have a report our i did with

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karen player from the australian museum

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now Karen's involved with museum in a

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box of fantastic outreach program from

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the Australian Museum and she's the

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newest member of the New South Wales

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Australian skeptics now I've got a

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little note here from our good friend

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Lucas Randall a great supporter of the

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skeptic zone he is telling me that the

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skeptic camp will skip the camp was such

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a success here in

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Sydney that our friends and Melbourne

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are going to do the same sort of thing

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they hope to have it happening in

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October later in October this year and

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they need your help support and general

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interest I can really recommend skeptic

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camp it was a fantastic day in here in

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Sydney I can't wait to go to the next

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one so if you're in Melbourne if you're

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in Victoria check out the website of

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Lucas run to blog dot co d e n I x.org

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blog conics dot org for more information

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about skeptic camp in Melbourne and if

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you're in Melbourne later on in October

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don't miss out on this fantastic event

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now thanks to all the people who wrote

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in when I tossed the dice at the end of

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the last episode of the skeptic zone so

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many people more than I thought actually

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said they predicted or they guessed or

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whatever you want to say the numbers

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that came up when I tossed the 20-sided

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dice TD 20 and I have it here again my

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lovely d20 what I'm going to do I was

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going I'm going to toss it four times in

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this episode once at the beginning and

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then after the first interview after the

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second segment towards the end it you

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EULA you'll hear them so you have four

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chances of guessing predicting using

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your psychic power to come up with the

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same number as the dice now if you do it

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first off that's a 120 shot well done

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now if you get the first number correct

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and the second number a bit later in the

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show that's a one in four hundred shot

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not bad if you get the first and the

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second and the third number is correct

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then that's a one in eight thousand shot

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and if you get all four numbers correct

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then you've beaten odds of 160,000 to

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one so get those neurons and synapses

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working right now we're going to do the

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first toss

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can give you a second Oh psychic

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predicting power here we go are you

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thinking of your number from 1 to 20

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could be one can be to all the way up to

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20 here we go tossing now the first

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number on today show is 17 so all those

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people who predicted 17 well done you

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know those people who didn't don't worry

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you get another chance soon well I'll

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put that aside for the moment and run

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downstairs here we go I'm going to run

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downstairs I'm going to make myself a

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paratha hmm very easy to make straight

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from the freezer fry it up in the frying

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pan crunchy and lovely paratha buy some

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now it's time for dr. Rachel reports

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with dr. Rachel Dunlop and i'm here

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today at tam 9 talking to dr. ginger

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Campbell hi ginger thanks for talking to

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us hi Rachel it's good to see you again

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we finally got to have a chat yeah good

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last year we were meant to talk and then

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I was so jet-lagged and I was just in a

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bit of a daze at at one point so I just

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kind of went to bed I think so we've

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missed actually catching up last year

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didn't we yes yeah so um this is not

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your first time obviously you're just my

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second I wasn't a second okay it's my

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second as well actually last year we did

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the workshops for science-based medicine

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which we're not doing this year but

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we're doing a panel on the placebo

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effect on Saturday which is really

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interesting the research I've been doing

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for that has been really fascinating I

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want to talk to you about neuroscience

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today okay now you have a podcast the

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brain science podcast which you've been

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doing for quite some time one of your

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recent interests although you're not a

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neuroscientist are you you're a

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physician yes what was your what's your

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specialty well I trained as a family

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physician but I've spent most of my

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career working as an emergency physician

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in rural little small hospitals where a

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lot of what you do is primary cares yeah

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I do everything I like the variety you

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like the variety I like the fact that

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every day is different yeah but we

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recently become interested in

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neuroscience and you did a talk at

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London skeptics in the pub which was

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broadcast as part of one of your podcast

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recently your books and science podcast

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an idea books and ideas podcast sorry up

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front can you give me a layman sort of

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description of what is neuroscience well

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if I know you were going to use my left

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sock I know I used a different

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definition in there and I forgotten what

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it was but basically it's it's the study

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of how the brain and the nervous system

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work and it can include anything from

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the molecular level all the way up to

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the level of the whole brain I think

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wikipedias got maybe 15 different sub

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branches of neuroscience listed the

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definition depends on in the field

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people that are in neuroscience don't

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consider psychology part of neuroscience

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but I think from the outside point of

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view psychology even could be considered

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a related field oh because the the sort

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of you in the talk that you gave are

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skeptics the pub you talked about C

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elegans which is actually a worm isn't

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it yes it's a very simple organism and

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it's been used to study neuroscience and

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that's because it's only got what a tin

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you're on so well it has I think 302

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neurons in total the thing that makes C

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elegans special is first of all was the

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first

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organism to have its entire genome

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sequenced and it's the only organism

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that we have the entire wiring diagram

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so to speak of every neuron in C elegans

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every neuron is the same unlike our

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brains and they know what every neuron

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in the brain of us will see how against

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excuse me doesn't have a brain but they

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know what every neuron in C elegans is

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connected to which other neurons it's

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connected to where the eight neurons

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thing comes in is that there's exactly

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eight dopamine dopaminergic your assets

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right yeah but yeah so so they know the

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entire wiring diagram so they know the

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level of detail but they know about C

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elegans is beyond any other creature at

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this point in history so it makes it a

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great thing for studying hmm so in terms

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of evolution of neurons and the brain

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it's a really good example of how the

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brain could have evolved isn't it

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because it's got an example of sinuses

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so can you explain what a synapse you

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know back up on that question or just a

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minute even back before C elegans we've

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got the evolution of what what we now

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call neuro transmitters although the

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chemical messengers already exist even

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before the first neuron arrives oh

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that's you know that's important

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yep there's a guy named Seth grant in in

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the UK that's studying the evolution of

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the synapse and how the receptors and

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the what becomes the neurotransmitters

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already exist even in yeast in yes

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really yeah which is way before even the

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first multicellular organisms so the

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evidence so the beginnings of the

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nervous system ago almost I'd say to the

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back back to the first single cell

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organisms once they started moving

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around and they had to be able to go to

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good stuff and away from bad stuff

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that's the beginning of the nervous

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system so then the synapse is actually a

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very high level of complexity compared

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to all those organisms that would Jesus

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it for me millions of years before there

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were multicellular organisms yeah well I

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mean you mentioned that the

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neurotransmitters evolved before neurons

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involved so that suggests that that that

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evolution started with the new proteins

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that other neurotransmitters aren't they

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right and and so this is the synapse is

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sort of the connection between your on

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tonight the excited the the the synapse

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is the place at which one cell I think

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the easiest way to think of it so place

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at which one cell sends out some

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chemical messengers and the other cell

271
00:12:57,280 --> 00:12:55,610
receives them and once you get to where

272
00:12:58,660 --> 00:12:57,290
that's a specialized connection where

273
00:13:00,850 --> 00:12:58,670
they're sitting there close to each

274
00:13:03,910 --> 00:13:00,860
other so that one knows that its message

275
00:13:05,829 --> 00:13:03,920
is going to that specific next cell

276
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:05,839
which in the case the nervous system is

277
00:13:13,720 --> 00:13:09,010
a neuron then you've got a synapse

278
00:13:16,090 --> 00:13:13,730
so and again that that happens fairly

279
00:13:17,590 --> 00:13:16,100
early on as soon as you see the

280
00:13:20,620 --> 00:13:17,600
beginning of neurons and I honestly

281
00:13:23,950 --> 00:13:20,630
don't know when the first cell that

282
00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:23,960
would be called a neuron arose I don't

283
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:26,330
know the answer to that but is a long

284
00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:28,010
time ago is the important thing to

285
00:13:33,010 --> 00:13:31,040
realize and that most of what's going on

286
00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:33,020
in the nervous system well a lot of

287
00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:34,340
what's going on the nervous system was

288
00:13:39,250 --> 00:13:37,120
happening even before we had a nervous

289
00:13:41,530 --> 00:13:39,260
system

290
00:13:43,090 --> 00:13:41,540
and so you talked about these proteins

291
00:13:44,560 --> 00:13:43,100
that are called neurotransmitters ginger

292
00:13:46,750 --> 00:13:44,570
there are different types of

293
00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:46,760
neurotransmitters aren't they that talk

294
00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:48,650
to different types of neurons now in our

295
00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:50,900
brain in our evolved rain and that

296
00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:52,730
results in different things happening

297
00:14:00,340 --> 00:13:56,210
right well the key is not so much the

298
00:14:02,140 --> 00:14:00,350
transmitter as it is the receptor that's

299
00:14:05,980 --> 00:14:02,150
why when you hear about something like

300
00:14:07,690 --> 00:14:05,990
dopamine doing different things in your

301
00:14:10,570 --> 00:14:07,700
body and you wonder well how can it be

302
00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:10,580
you know in my reward circuits and be in

303
00:14:14,980 --> 00:14:12,560
this other circuit like that I need for

304
00:14:18,130 --> 00:14:14,990
my movements a Parkinson's diseases is a

305
00:14:20,050 --> 00:14:18,140
problem of the dopaminergic system but

306
00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:20,060
that doesn't that part of its not a

307
00:14:28,270 --> 00:14:24,370
reward its movement or in it so it's

308
00:14:29,980 --> 00:14:28,280
what you might say whatky it what lock

309
00:14:33,160 --> 00:14:29,990
it goes into when it gets to the other

310
00:14:37,330 --> 00:14:33,170
hand so various neurotransmitters can

311
00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:37,340
have wide-ranging effects based on what

312
00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:41,360
receptor they connect with this is

313
00:14:47,050 --> 00:14:43,850
important clinically because if you try

314
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:47,060
to make a drug that's going to increase

315
00:14:51,370 --> 00:14:49,010
a transmitter

316
00:14:53,080 --> 00:14:51,380
side effects will rise because it's not

317
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:53,090
just going to the place that you're

318
00:14:58,300 --> 00:14:55,010
thinking about it's going to maybe

319
00:15:00,010 --> 00:14:58,310
places you hadn't thought about and so

320
00:15:02,140 --> 00:15:00,020
just to go back to C elegans for a

321
00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:02,150
second then we just touched on the fact

322
00:15:07,090 --> 00:15:04,130
that it's got eight dopaminergic neurons

323
00:15:08,650 --> 00:15:07,100
now those are involved in Parkinson's

324
00:15:10,900 --> 00:15:08,660
disease in the sense that they're lost

325
00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:10,910
in Parkinson's disease which is why

326
00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:13,760
people get this shaking and their

327
00:15:19,900 --> 00:15:16,300
inability to control movement and that

328
00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:19,910
organism has been used to study possibly

329
00:15:23,770 --> 00:15:21,650
drugs to help with Parkinson's disease

330
00:15:25,510 --> 00:15:23,780
isn't it yeah the other thing i forgot

331
00:15:27,280 --> 00:15:25,520
to say about C elegans that makes it

332
00:15:30,100 --> 00:15:27,290
great for studying is the fact that it's

333
00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:30,110
transparent that's right yeah and they

334
00:15:35,740 --> 00:15:33,220
can actually see the neurons and then um

335
00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:35,750
and they have this green fluorescent

336
00:15:40,810 --> 00:15:38,210
protein thing that the guy got the Nobel

337
00:15:43,090 --> 00:15:40,820
Prize for so they can actually sort of

338
00:15:45,730 --> 00:15:43,100
label the neurons and and you can see

339
00:15:47,830 --> 00:15:45,740
them sort of bright green shiny little

340
00:15:50,170 --> 00:15:47,840
neurons you know exactly which ones are

341
00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:50,180
your the ones you want to study or lit

342
00:15:59,100 --> 00:15:53,680
up so they can they can do that and then

343
00:16:02,940 --> 00:15:59,110
in the top that I gave in in London I

344
00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:02,950
showed a picture of the C elegans and

345
00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:05,360
guy called well who gave me some slots

346
00:16:08,500 --> 00:16:06,770
to use he also gave me a video showing

347
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:08,510
they've actually even figured out C

348
00:16:13,450 --> 00:16:11,210
elegans can have seizures about a couple

349
00:16:15,550 --> 00:16:13,460
kinds of seizures this does not involve

350
00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:15,560
dopamine neurons but it's another

351
00:16:21,010 --> 00:16:18,320
example of how C elegans can again be is

352
00:16:23,350 --> 00:16:21,020
and the fact that it's I have to admit

353
00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:23,360
though a seizure in C elegans is not

354
00:16:27,540 --> 00:16:25,630
very interesting who

355
00:16:29,250 --> 00:16:27,550
you know it's stupid net worth seeing

356
00:16:33,030 --> 00:16:29,260
they're going you know shaking a little

357
00:16:34,890 --> 00:16:33,040
cuz it's a worm yeah yeah but but it I

358
00:16:36,930 --> 00:16:34,900
found it really fascinating that the C

359
00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:36,940
elegans not only could have seizures but

360
00:16:41,760 --> 00:16:39,730
different kinds of seizures I mean we

361
00:16:43,830 --> 00:16:41,770
think of those organisms as being so

362
00:16:46,410 --> 00:16:43,840
primitive but they're they're really

363
00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:46,420
very complex yeah well actually in the

364
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:48,730
field i work in C elegans is used to

365
00:16:53,580 --> 00:16:51,010
study apoptosis which is programmed cell

366
00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:53,590
death right and I've send videos to of

367
00:16:57,270 --> 00:16:55,360
an undergoing the whole organism

368
00:16:59,820 --> 00:16:57,280
undergoing apoptosis and kind of its

369
00:17:01,920 --> 00:16:59,830
cells eating it eating themselves as and

370
00:17:03,870 --> 00:17:01,930
they look fantastic those videos but

371
00:17:05,579 --> 00:17:03,880
yeah you're right i mean apoptosis is

372
00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:05,589
another example of a very complex

373
00:17:11,370 --> 00:17:08,770
process that sells intrinsically have to

374
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:11,380
sort of eat themselves i suppose undergo

375
00:17:17,699 --> 00:17:14,010
cell suicide and it exists in C elegans

376
00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:17,709
you know yeah I mean the fact that we

377
00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:20,170
have all these pieces in common with

378
00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:22,810
lower organisms is the one reason why we

379
00:17:28,290 --> 00:17:24,790
can figure out so many things about how

380
00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:28,300
neurons work using things like C elegans

381
00:17:35,430 --> 00:17:31,930
or please iya or and now a fruit flies

382
00:17:38,010 --> 00:17:35,440
or becoming a real big experimental

383
00:17:39,390 --> 00:17:38,020
animal in neuroscience that's good

384
00:17:42,039 --> 00:17:39,400
because I said we can learn so much

385
00:17:45,580 --> 00:17:42,049
without having to you know

386
00:17:46,930 --> 00:17:45,590
usually animals that have the kind of

387
00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:46,940
consciousness that would make us feel

388
00:17:51,220 --> 00:17:49,340
matically yeah challenged about using

389
00:17:53,049 --> 00:17:51,230
them yeah well that's I mean another

390
00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:53,059
example of the model we're about to

391
00:17:57,759 --> 00:17:56,720
start using for ALS is zebrafish we're

392
00:17:59,379 --> 00:17:57,769
actually going to be injecting

393
00:18:01,659 --> 00:17:59,389
neurotoxin well in fact we're going to

394
00:18:03,639 --> 00:18:01,669
be putting into the water but in the

395
00:18:05,950 --> 00:18:03,649
zebrafish leave and then they will make

396
00:18:08,919 --> 00:18:05,960
it into proteins and that will impact on

397
00:18:10,629 --> 00:18:08,929
whether they get ALS or not so it's I

398
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,639
haven't worked with this model yet but

399
00:18:14,529 --> 00:18:12,559
it's something when it's established and

400
00:18:17,049 --> 00:18:14,539
it's fascinating that you can go back to

401
00:18:19,239 --> 00:18:17,059
zebrafish and still look at ALS from

402
00:18:22,419 --> 00:18:19,249
that perspective several years ago I

403
00:18:24,810 --> 00:18:22,429
interviewed dr. Eve martyr martyr who I

404
00:18:28,060 --> 00:18:24,820
think will someday get a Nobel Prize and

405
00:18:30,970 --> 00:18:28,070
she has been at Brandeis for 30 years

406
00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:30,980
and she's been studying the somatic

407
00:18:36,310 --> 00:18:33,710
gastric ganglion in the lobster last

408
00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:36,320
time I mean this one little batch of

409
00:18:40,090 --> 00:18:38,450
neurons and that sounds like it would be

410
00:18:42,039 --> 00:18:40,100
something she's actually been doing

411
00:18:44,259 --> 00:18:42,049
she's the reason I think she'll get a

412
00:18:46,180 --> 00:18:44,269
Nobel Prize someday is because she's one

413
00:18:48,999 --> 00:18:46,190
of the pioneers in figuring out the

414
00:18:51,879 --> 00:18:49,009
surfaces circuit kind of stuff and the

415
00:18:54,220 --> 00:18:51,889
thing she's figured out is that things

416
00:18:57,450 --> 00:18:54,230
that have they've always assumed had to

417
00:19:00,489 --> 00:18:57,460
be the same can be very very variable

418
00:19:02,499 --> 00:19:00,499
one of the new ideas that's emerging is

419
00:19:05,499 --> 00:19:02,509
the one of the things that makes biology

420
00:19:06,970 --> 00:19:05,509
different from engineer things you know

421
00:19:09,310 --> 00:19:06,980
with engineering we always make things

422
00:19:11,830 --> 00:19:09,320
redundant you know we we need to have a

423
00:19:14,830 --> 00:19:11,840
backup one yeah usually it's exactly the

424
00:19:16,840 --> 00:19:14,840
same as the one that might break

425
00:19:19,540 --> 00:19:16,850
biology doesn't work that way its

426
00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:19,550
backups are usually entirely different

427
00:19:25,300 --> 00:19:22,850
and what she's discovered is that some

428
00:19:28,210 --> 00:19:25,310
of the parameters of things like the ion

429
00:19:30,670 --> 00:19:28,220
channels can be vastly different and

430
00:19:34,120 --> 00:19:30,680
still end up with the same result and

431
00:19:35,890 --> 00:19:34,130
this has a what this has some very big

432
00:19:38,020 --> 00:19:35,900
implications for how we do science

433
00:19:40,540 --> 00:19:38,030
because you know the way we sample we

434
00:19:43,090 --> 00:19:40,550
will do an experiment many times and

435
00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:43,100
then average the results sort of working

436
00:19:47,500 --> 00:19:44,960
from the assumption that all these

437
00:19:49,060 --> 00:19:47,510
organisms are going to be more or less

438
00:19:51,730 --> 00:19:49,070
the same and that thing we're trying to

439
00:19:56,410 --> 00:19:51,740
measure yeah yeah but it turns out that

440
00:19:58,780 --> 00:19:56,420
might not be true well I'm not sure what

441
00:20:00,370 --> 00:19:58,790
we're that's gonna go well but that's

442
00:20:02,290 --> 00:20:00,380
just an example of one of the exciting

443
00:20:05,690 --> 00:20:02,300
things that's going on at the level of

444
00:20:09,680 --> 00:20:07,610
yeah invertebrates are turning out to be

445
00:20:11,870 --> 00:20:09,690
much more interesting than I think

446
00:20:15,049 --> 00:20:11,880
anyone ever just because they can't talk

447
00:20:17,210 --> 00:20:15,059
to us or look at us with things that we

448
00:20:19,549 --> 00:20:17,220
recognize as faces doesn't mean they're

449
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:19,559
going to have an interesting so one of

450
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:20,730
the other interesting things I find

451
00:20:24,889 --> 00:20:22,710
about neuroscience is that and you talk

452
00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:24,899
about this is that the dogma was that

453
00:20:29,029 --> 00:20:26,850
you couldn't make new neurons for a long

454
00:20:31,399 --> 00:20:29,039
time and we now know that that's not the

455
00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:31,409
case only certain parts of the brain

456
00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:33,210
though are a capable of making neurons

457
00:20:38,629 --> 00:20:35,730
are they it's not celebrating right I

458
00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:38,639
think I don't remember all the places

459
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:41,730
the main one that people

460
00:20:46,570 --> 00:20:44,610
no about as the hippocampus because we

461
00:20:49,910 --> 00:20:46,580
know that's associated with memory and

462
00:20:52,190 --> 00:20:49,920
there's been research in things like

463
00:20:54,650 --> 00:20:52,200
people that are depressed and people

464
00:20:56,600 --> 00:20:54,660
that get antidepressants it looks like

465
00:21:01,550 --> 00:20:56,610
maybe they that helps them to be able to

466
00:21:03,620 --> 00:21:01,560
make new neurons again however I have

467
00:21:06,320 --> 00:21:03,630
think brain plasticity is a really

468
00:21:08,630 --> 00:21:06,330
really fascinating field but most of the

469
00:21:10,700 --> 00:21:08,640
stuff that's to me most interesting is

470
00:21:13,430 --> 00:21:10,710
things that happen that don't involve

471
00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:13,440
making new neurons but involve either

472
00:21:19,460 --> 00:21:16,260
uncovering connections we didn't know we

473
00:21:22,090 --> 00:21:19,470
had or making new connections I mean

474
00:21:25,070 --> 00:21:22,100
it's amazing you can take people with

475
00:21:28,010 --> 00:21:25,080
abnormal vision and blindfold them for a

476
00:21:30,050 --> 00:21:28,020
week and they can already and you can

477
00:21:32,740 --> 00:21:30,060
already see changes in their brain all

478
00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:32,750
right really you know they start using

479
00:21:38,060 --> 00:21:36,240
parts that in sensory circuits that they

480
00:21:41,420 --> 00:21:38,070
weren't using because basically vision

481
00:21:43,130 --> 00:21:41,430
normally dominates so that whole concept

482
00:21:44,980 --> 00:21:43,140
that I know it's a myth but the one of

483
00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:44,990
that winning is timpz our brain I mean

484
00:21:50,210 --> 00:21:48,510
gingers just facepalms by the way but

485
00:21:52,690 --> 00:21:50,220
it's such a common misconception isn't

486
00:21:55,220 --> 00:21:52,700
it you know where it started from that I

487
00:21:57,360 --> 00:21:55,230
should know the answer to that but I but

488
00:21:59,940 --> 00:21:57,370
I don't

489
00:22:02,640 --> 00:21:59,950
but you also used a really good example

490
00:22:05,910 --> 00:22:02,650
of how with respect to brain plasticity

491
00:22:07,170 --> 00:22:05,920
how memories are so pliable and you use

492
00:22:09,660 --> 00:22:07,180
the example of the Challenger disaster

493
00:22:12,450 --> 00:22:09,670
when you tell alice is about that yeah

494
00:22:14,340 --> 00:22:12,460
now that one wasn't originally from me I

495
00:22:16,710 --> 00:22:14,350
got it from Robert Burton who wrote a

496
00:22:19,710 --> 00:22:16,720
very wonderful book I'm called on being

497
00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:19,720
certain be can be interior right even

498
00:22:25,140 --> 00:22:22,650
when you're not one of my favorite guess

499
00:22:27,570 --> 00:22:25,150
basically what happened was and this was

500
00:22:29,580 --> 00:22:27,580
a study done by psychologists when the

501
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:29,590
sent the Challenger disaster happened

502
00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:31,120
they had a bunch of people write down

503
00:22:34,049 --> 00:22:32,800
their experience is what they were

504
00:22:35,790 --> 00:22:34,059
feeling what they were doing when it

505
00:22:37,470 --> 00:22:35,800
happened and that sort of thing then a

506
00:22:39,480 --> 00:22:37,480
couple years later they went back and

507
00:22:41,070 --> 00:22:39,490
interviewed the same people and asked

508
00:22:42,810 --> 00:22:41,080
them you know what were you doing what

509
00:22:45,260 --> 00:22:42,820
were you feeling and there was only

510
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:45,270
about a twenty five percent agreement

511
00:22:50,430 --> 00:22:48,010
most of what most people's memories had

512
00:22:54,270 --> 00:22:50,440
changed sometimes in a significant way

513
00:22:56,430 --> 00:22:54,280
and most remarkably if confronted with

514
00:22:58,980 --> 00:22:56,440
their own handwriting of what they had

515
00:23:01,260 --> 00:22:58,990
said happened a surprising number said

516
00:23:03,180 --> 00:23:01,270
well I wrote that but why I remember now

517
00:23:07,590 --> 00:23:03,190
is what really happened I mean because

518
00:23:10,260 --> 00:23:07,600
you're since the peak of the sureness of

519
00:23:12,580 --> 00:23:10,270
your memories is so strong that even if

520
00:23:14,140 --> 00:23:12,590
you look at your own handwriting

521
00:23:15,850 --> 00:23:14,150
have you ever had a comedy about any

522
00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:15,860
brothers and sisters yeah have you ever

523
00:23:20,380 --> 00:23:17,890
talked about when you were kids and

524
00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:20,390
noticed that it's like you had different

525
00:23:24,070 --> 00:23:22,490
childhoods yeah I have to be sure you

526
00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:24,080
know this is really funny because now

527
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:26,480
that I'm aware of this stuff I always

528
00:23:30,159 --> 00:23:28,490
paraphrase those things with I know it

529
00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:30,169
probably didn't happen like this but

530
00:23:34,450 --> 00:23:32,090
this is what I remember now because I

531
00:23:36,310 --> 00:23:34,460
know it's and it's really fascinating to

532
00:23:38,409 --> 00:23:36,320
think that I remember things now that

533
00:23:40,570 --> 00:23:38,419
probably never happened and I'm aware of

534
00:23:42,850 --> 00:23:40,580
that as yeah I'm really looking forward

535
00:23:45,549 --> 00:23:42,860
to meeting Elizabeth Loftus she's gonna

536
00:23:48,130 --> 00:23:45,559
hear ya and she is one of the pioneers

537
00:23:50,950 --> 00:23:48,140
she is the one that basically showed how

538
00:23:54,220 --> 00:23:50,960
easily it is to instill false memories

539
00:23:57,370 --> 00:23:54,230
which is what hopefully put an end to

540
00:24:00,940 --> 00:23:57,380
that whole false memory um you know

541
00:24:03,070 --> 00:24:00,950
movement that was just really really bad

542
00:24:05,850 --> 00:24:03,080
and it was really damaging to vary by

543
00:24:08,919 --> 00:24:05,860
putting implanted memories in children's

544
00:24:10,210 --> 00:24:08,929
brains of people that would then think

545
00:24:11,860 --> 00:24:10,220
they were molested as kids and people

546
00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:11,870
were being prosecuted and going to jail

547
00:24:17,380 --> 00:24:14,690
for that sort of stuff yeah she did I

548
00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:17,390
think the experiment that she did was on

549
00:24:22,899 --> 00:24:19,850
what she did was she had some people and

550
00:24:24,669 --> 00:24:22,909
she asked them if they had ever been

551
00:24:27,279 --> 00:24:24,679
lost in the shopping center when they

552
00:24:29,169 --> 00:24:27,289
were kid and then I don't remember

553
00:24:31,330 --> 00:24:29,179
exactly how she did it but she got them

554
00:24:33,639 --> 00:24:31,340
to remember that that they had when they

555
00:24:35,590 --> 00:24:33,649
really hadn't just so it was a very

556
00:24:37,990 --> 00:24:35,600
benign way of demonstrating the

557
00:24:40,690 --> 00:24:38,000
principle but in a way that wasn't going

558
00:24:42,190 --> 00:24:40,700
to do her subjects any harm she wasn't

559
00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:42,200
in planning memories that were going to

560
00:24:45,980 --> 00:24:43,490
then you know cause them to be

561
00:24:50,330 --> 00:24:45,990
traumatized

562
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:50,340
yeah yeah so um you also talked about

563
00:24:56,900 --> 00:24:53,010
how emotion is intrinsically linked to

564
00:24:58,610 --> 00:24:56,910
memory and so when what are the

565
00:25:01,160 --> 00:24:58,620
implications in for sort of skeptics and

566
00:25:03,290 --> 00:25:01,170
rationalists in that sense because we

567
00:25:05,660 --> 00:25:03,300
think of skeptics that we make decisions

568
00:25:08,540 --> 00:25:05,670
based purely on evidence and rationalism

569
00:25:10,549 --> 00:25:08,550
but we can't uncouple that emotional

570
00:25:13,310 --> 00:25:10,559
aspect from our brains can we no we

571
00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:13,320
can't because it's all in areas of the

572
00:25:19,370 --> 00:25:15,090
brain that we mostly don't have

573
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:19,380
conscious access to and yeah that's I

574
00:25:24,950 --> 00:25:21,210
think that's probably a most important

575
00:25:28,070 --> 00:25:24,960
take-home message for skeptics is I

576
00:25:29,870 --> 00:25:28,080
thinking rationally is an ideal hmm

577
00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:29,880
actually though it's been proven that if

578
00:25:33,950 --> 00:25:31,679
you don't have that emotional connection

579
00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:33,960
you can't make decisions you can't even

580
00:25:37,460 --> 00:25:35,490
decide whether to eat breakfast so you

581
00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:37,470
really need that connection to make

582
00:25:41,870 --> 00:25:38,970
decisions now I don't think many people

583
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:41,880
realize that yeah yeah but I mean then

584
00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:43,290
that's been shown in studies where

585
00:25:47,210 --> 00:25:45,450
people have had damage to that part of

586
00:25:48,919 --> 00:25:47,220
their brain and they're unable to even

587
00:25:51,410 --> 00:25:48,929
make decisions about what pen should i

588
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:51,420
pick up to write this down yeah it's

589
00:25:56,870 --> 00:25:54,240
such a fascinating area yeah we really

590
00:25:59,630 --> 00:25:56,880
need that emotional component but we

591
00:26:02,030 --> 00:25:59,640
don't have very good access to it

592
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:02,040
I think it should teach us to be well

593
00:26:08,690 --> 00:26:06,570
one more tolerant and to realize when

594
00:26:11,390 --> 00:26:08,700
you're talking to someone who is not a

595
00:26:14,140 --> 00:26:11,400
skeptic but just throwing more fat

596
00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:14,150
septum is not going to have any effect

597
00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:17,850
this is in instead you might want to say

598
00:26:21,020 --> 00:26:19,770
you might want to share something with

599
00:26:22,550 --> 00:26:21,030
them but a lot of times it's just

600
00:26:25,700 --> 00:26:22,560
waiting till they're in the right place

601
00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:25,710
so I think if you have a friend who you

602
00:26:31,970 --> 00:26:29,690
know as you know say really into

603
00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:31,980
pseudoscience or some magical thinking

604
00:26:40,010 --> 00:26:35,490
thing it's much better to be read as

605
00:26:43,340 --> 00:26:40,020
tolerant as you can manage and set a

606
00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:43,350
good example of being you know the kind

607
00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:45,090
of person who doesn't go around treating

608
00:26:48,980 --> 00:26:46,890
other people like idiots just because

609
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:48,990
they disagree then if that person comes

610
00:26:53,660 --> 00:26:51,210
around at some point in their life

611
00:26:55,490 --> 00:26:53,670
they're going to come to you for those

612
00:26:57,650 --> 00:26:55,500
facts when they're ready but if you try

613
00:27:00,920 --> 00:26:57,660
to throw them at them or jumping down

614
00:27:02,380 --> 00:27:00,930
their throat this is just not going to

615
00:27:04,660 --> 00:27:02,390
work I'm going to

616
00:27:06,370 --> 00:27:04,670
well thanks a lot for taking the time to

617
00:27:07,660 --> 00:27:06,380
talk to mr. Dayton just so where can our

618
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:07,670
listeners find out more about the

619
00:27:13,630 --> 00:27:10,730
wonderful work you're doing the best

620
00:27:17,170 --> 00:27:13,640
place to find everything is either go to

621
00:27:20,230 --> 00:27:17,180
Virginia Campbell md.com and you can get

622
00:27:21,850 --> 00:27:20,240
to both my podcasts from there or if

623
00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:21,860
you're in iTunes you can just search

624
00:27:28,750 --> 00:27:24,410
under ginger Campbell and you can find

625
00:27:32,010 --> 00:27:28,760
my podcast and my podcast apps and on

626
00:27:36,970 --> 00:27:32,020
twitter you dr. Artemis is no do see

627
00:27:39,460 --> 00:27:36,980
arte mis doc Artemis as in doc Artemis

628
00:27:42,660 --> 00:27:39,470
the Greek goddess right she was the

629
00:27:56,659 --> 00:27:42,670
athletic one thanks very much ginger

630
00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:00,269
hi I'm dr. ginger Campbell I started the

631
00:28:05,940 --> 00:28:03,340
brain science podcast in December 2006

632
00:28:08,370 --> 00:28:05,950
with the tagline the show for everyone

633
00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:08,380
who has a brain because you don't need a

634
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:12,250
PhD to enjoy my podcast all you need is

635
00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:15,610
curiosity about how our brains make us

636
00:28:21,419 --> 00:28:18,490
who we are the brain science podcast is

637
00:28:23,879 --> 00:28:21,429
not a self-help show but understanding

638
00:28:26,970 --> 00:28:23,889
how the brain works will give you useful

639
00:28:29,909 --> 00:28:26,980
insights into your own behavior and the

640
00:28:31,740 --> 00:28:29,919
behavior of others on the show I talk

641
00:28:35,399 --> 00:28:31,750
about the latest books about the brain

642
00:28:37,139 --> 00:28:35,409
and I interview leading scientists of

643
00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:37,149
course I would love to be discovered by

644
00:28:43,139 --> 00:28:39,970
NPR but until then you can find the

645
00:28:58,180 --> 00:28:43,149
brain science podcast in iTunes and at

646
00:29:03,220 --> 00:29:01,240
and now we come to the second class

647
00:29:05,409 --> 00:29:03,230
remember the first number was 17 I

648
00:29:09,549 --> 00:29:05,419
better write that down okay first one

649
00:29:13,210 --> 00:29:09,559
was 17 toss one you go toss number two

650
00:29:15,999 --> 00:29:13,220
folks the 20-sided dice here we go are

651
00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:16,009
you thinking yes yes I hope so use those

652
00:29:44,740 --> 00:29:20,450
neurons okay plus number two coming up

653
00:29:47,619 --> 00:29:44,750
right now the number is 5 i'm here at

654
00:29:52,659 --> 00:29:47,629
the Australian Museum here in Sydney and

655
00:29:54,610 --> 00:29:52,669
it's science week well it's the science

656
00:29:58,539 --> 00:29:54,620
week for the school's I guess you'd say

657
00:30:01,960 --> 00:29:58,549
I'm in at their newly opened exhibition

658
00:30:04,029 --> 00:30:01,970
area here at the Museum and I'm

659
00:30:05,889 --> 00:30:04,039
surrounded by all sorts of little booths

660
00:30:07,690 --> 00:30:05,899
all with science we've got the

661
00:30:10,149 --> 00:30:07,700
University of New South Wales so in

662
00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:10,159
physics we've got the signs and

663
00:30:17,019 --> 00:30:12,970
education schools to us organization

664
00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:17,029
stand here about geography what else do

665
00:30:21,730 --> 00:30:19,490
we have here Heather Dale Wildlife Park

666
00:30:23,409 --> 00:30:21,740
have a stand here the University of

667
00:30:26,169 --> 00:30:23,419
Sydney is representative the young

668
00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:26,179
scientists of Australia are here with

669
00:30:32,049 --> 00:30:28,970
their stand jenolan caves which are a

670
00:30:33,810 --> 00:30:32,059
very famous natural cave formation which

671
00:30:36,090 --> 00:30:33,820
the cydia here

672
00:30:38,790 --> 00:30:36,100
and all sorts of other things we have

673
00:30:41,790 --> 00:30:38,800
some optical illusions what's this one

674
00:30:46,010 --> 00:30:41,800
University of Newcastle science and

675
00:30:50,310 --> 00:30:46,020
maths it says and there are some classic

676
00:30:50,310 --> 00:30:50,320
optical illusions on the wall

677
00:30:56,940 --> 00:30:54,539
now i'm here today to have a chat to the

678
00:30:59,460 --> 00:30:56,950
newest member of the australian skeptics

679
00:31:01,470 --> 00:30:59,470
here in New South Wales committee Karen

680
00:31:05,070 --> 00:31:01,480
player Karen actually works at the

681
00:31:07,799 --> 00:31:05,080
Australian Museum and she's busy at the

682
00:31:11,639 --> 00:31:07,809
moment at the one of the stands here

683
00:31:14,430 --> 00:31:11,649
giving information to children and the

684
00:31:16,759 --> 00:31:14,440
children you can hear no doubt are all

685
00:31:19,350 --> 00:31:16,769
primary school or elementary school kids

686
00:31:20,610 --> 00:31:19,360
that's about 200 kids in here all

687
00:31:22,980 --> 00:31:20,620
running around going from stay

688
00:31:25,289 --> 00:31:22,990
understand exploring and trying out the

689
00:31:29,580 --> 00:31:25,299
various science some of what their face

690
00:31:34,379 --> 00:31:29,590
painted it's a really great thing that

691
00:31:36,419 --> 00:31:34,389
we are so news in do here every year and

692
00:31:38,549 --> 00:31:36,429
i'll see if i can just chase down Karen

693
00:31:41,610 --> 00:31:38,559
in a moment and we'll have a little chat

694
00:31:44,909 --> 00:31:41,620
to her about what she does here and how

695
00:31:48,690 --> 00:31:44,919
important it is that science has

696
00:31:50,759 --> 00:31:48,700
presented the kids in this way so we've

697
00:31:52,409 --> 00:31:50,769
snuck away from that noise and chaos

698
00:31:54,090 --> 00:31:52,419
downstairs of all the kids running

699
00:31:57,149 --> 00:31:54,100
around but was really good to see it I'm

700
00:31:59,610 --> 00:31:57,159
with Karen player hi Karen hi how're you

701
00:32:02,009 --> 00:31:59,620
going I'm well now congratulations first

702
00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:02,019
of all for being invited onto the

703
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:04,210
committee of the Australian skeptics New

704
00:32:08,100 --> 00:32:06,730
South Wales oh thank you it's I think

705
00:32:09,810 --> 00:32:08,110
it's going to be really exciting

706
00:32:14,009 --> 00:32:09,820
hopefully it's not going to be too scary

707
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:14,019
scary oh you've got no idea your first

708
00:32:18,360 --> 00:32:16,210
assignment is it go to the most haunted

709
00:32:21,930 --> 00:32:18,370
place in Australia and be bored to death

710
00:32:24,539 --> 00:32:21,940
like the rest of it so much now as a

711
00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:24,549
welcome present I've decided to give you

712
00:32:28,860 --> 00:32:26,559
just to kick you off so to speak so you

713
00:32:31,499 --> 00:32:28,870
can really get get stuck into skepticism

714
00:32:33,210 --> 00:32:31,509
I've given you a DVD of our water

715
00:32:35,129 --> 00:32:33,220
divining adventures here in Australia

716
00:32:38,190 --> 00:32:35,139
called the great water divining DVD I've

717
00:32:39,899 --> 00:32:38,200
given you James Randy's the secrets of

718
00:32:41,580 --> 00:32:39,909
the psychic I'm looking forward to

719
00:32:43,680 --> 00:32:41,590
that's an interesting one he travels to

720
00:32:46,350 --> 00:32:43,690
rush or investigates things and it's all

721
00:32:48,419 --> 00:32:46,360
about his looking at uri geller and all

722
00:32:51,389 --> 00:32:48,429
sorts of things and I've also given you

723
00:32:55,529 --> 00:32:51,399
a copy of the full facts book of cold

724
00:32:57,480 --> 00:32:55,539
reading so you can start to get your

725
00:32:58,950 --> 00:32:57,490
education practice of my friend practice

726
00:33:00,570 --> 00:32:58,960
on your friends I'm going to dress you

727
00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:00,580
up as a gypsy when you when you

728
00:33:05,759 --> 00:33:02,620
you could do a thought okay there's so

729
00:33:07,289 --> 00:33:05,769
many things to know when you're when

730
00:33:09,750 --> 00:33:07,299
you're into skepticism but be that as it

731
00:33:13,409 --> 00:33:09,760
may I have found it really interesting

732
00:33:14,519 --> 00:33:13,419
that you'll work here at the Museum and

733
00:33:16,019 --> 00:33:14,529
I'd like to chat to you a little bit

734
00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:16,029
about that and especially what was

735
00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:18,399
happening downstairs yep absolutely so

736
00:33:25,500 --> 00:33:20,890
as I was mentioning before Tamela since

737
00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:25,510
that was a new exhibition space yeah so

738
00:33:30,149 --> 00:33:28,240
the estrella museums been looking at how

739
00:33:31,590 --> 00:33:30,159
we can fit bigger exhibitions into the

740
00:33:33,419 --> 00:33:31,600
museum so we've been doing a lot of

741
00:33:35,340 --> 00:33:33,429
refurbishment over the last five years

742
00:33:37,889 --> 00:33:35,350
and it's a brand-new space and that's

743
00:33:39,539 --> 00:33:37,899
really exciting that the first thing the

744
00:33:41,159 --> 00:33:39,549
first cab off the rank was the science

745
00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:41,169
and the city expo so we were very

746
00:33:44,820 --> 00:33:42,970
excited to be able to use that space for

747
00:33:47,310 --> 00:33:44,830
you know all of the science activities

748
00:33:48,810 --> 00:33:47,320
for the kids now the sign the sign sweet

749
00:33:50,940 --> 00:33:48,820
is it already started as it next week

750
00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:50,950
I'm not coming we start a little bit

751
00:33:55,019 --> 00:33:53,230
early thought so yeah so we're a little

752
00:33:56,490 --> 00:33:55,029
bit ahead of national science week so we

753
00:33:58,409 --> 00:33:56,500
have the two weeks of science in the

754
00:34:00,750 --> 00:33:58,419
city and then I think the week after is

755
00:34:02,580 --> 00:34:00,760
the National Science Week well every

756
00:34:06,330 --> 00:34:02,590
week science was that's right well here

757
00:34:08,129 --> 00:34:06,340
at the Museum absolutely the good

758
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:08,139
attitude that happen what is your

759
00:34:13,859 --> 00:34:10,810
regular position here the museum um I

760
00:34:15,899 --> 00:34:13,869
work in a program called museum in a box

761
00:34:19,050 --> 00:34:15,909
which has been going for about forty

762
00:34:21,750 --> 00:34:19,060
seven years now and it's an outreach

763
00:34:23,849 --> 00:34:21,760
program getting museum quality specimens

764
00:34:26,639 --> 00:34:23,859
and education resources out to regional

765
00:34:28,470 --> 00:34:26,649
New South Wales so at the moment we have

766
00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:28,480
about twenty eight different topics

767
00:34:33,419 --> 00:34:30,310
ranging from you know indigenous

768
00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:33,429
cultural activities boxes for child care

769
00:34:38,639 --> 00:34:36,970
centers boxes on different animals and

770
00:34:42,119 --> 00:34:38,649
different habitats all the way up to

771
00:34:44,339 --> 00:34:42,129
boxes for you know year 12 science so

772
00:34:46,680 --> 00:34:44,349
yeah we have a lot that goes out this is

773
00:34:48,060 --> 00:34:46,690
so far we've had about five hundred and

774
00:34:50,099 --> 00:34:48,070
twenty boxes heading out around the

775
00:34:53,270 --> 00:34:50,109
state that's fantastic of course I

776
00:34:55,649 --> 00:34:53,280
outreaches something I'm deeply

777
00:34:57,599 --> 00:34:55,659
interested in and I and I do of course

778
00:35:00,020 --> 00:34:57,609
with the mr. investigators with a doctor

779
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:00,030
or a chief and we'll be doing that show

780
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:02,530
on the 20th here at the powerhouse

781
00:35:07,349 --> 00:35:05,290
museum in fact as part of science week

782
00:35:09,059 --> 00:35:07,359
and as we were walking into this little

783
00:35:10,859 --> 00:35:09,069
room for so I have a chat with you I

784
00:35:13,349 --> 00:35:10,869
noticed on the wall some photographs

785
00:35:14,010 --> 00:35:13,359
which warmed my heart of the old museum

786
00:35:18,930 --> 00:35:14,020
train

787
00:35:20,370 --> 00:35:18,940
which used to travel this state from

788
00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:20,380
this train museum it was brightly

789
00:35:25,530 --> 00:35:22,330
painted on the outside of the museum and

790
00:35:27,030 --> 00:35:25,540
and I remember as a boy visiting the

791
00:35:29,370 --> 00:35:27,040
museum train when it stopped in my

792
00:35:34,140 --> 00:35:29,380
little town of mom lyndy and that would

793
00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:34,150
have been I'm guessing 1978 1979-80

794
00:35:39,330 --> 00:35:36,610
around at that time where is the old

795
00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:39,340
museum track I don't know where

796
00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:41,440
physically is at all funnily enough a

797
00:35:45,990 --> 00:35:43,450
lot of the specimens and objects inside

798
00:35:47,790 --> 00:35:46,000
it have we go were taken out and were

799
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:47,800
then absorbed into our hands on

800
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:49,330
collections in our search and discover

801
00:35:53,550 --> 00:35:51,760
area so you know I do have i've seen

802
00:35:56,580 --> 00:35:53,560
some photos recently when we were doing

803
00:35:58,140 --> 00:35:56,590
when we're moving offices that had some

804
00:36:01,230 --> 00:35:58,150
of the same specimens that we're still

805
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:01,240
using today that were on the train but

806
00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:02,770
we get people that do come into the

807
00:36:06,150 --> 00:36:04,480
museum that grew up in regional New

808
00:36:07,890 --> 00:36:06,160
South Wales and remember the Train

809
00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:07,900
really fondly so it was one of those

810
00:36:14,190 --> 00:36:10,450
great programs but I think it just

811
00:36:15,930 --> 00:36:14,200
became unsustainable yeah I guess I

812
00:36:18,420 --> 00:36:15,940
guess that's not surprising that would

813
00:36:22,410 --> 00:36:18,430
have been some question bolt and carding

814
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:22,420
that thing around but what it I'm so

815
00:36:26,790 --> 00:36:24,970
exciting I remember this is the

816
00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:26,800
excitement and I would go there I was

817
00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:29,530
one of the kids who would go there every

818
00:36:33,990 --> 00:36:32,140
afternoon after school and just just

819
00:36:35,700 --> 00:36:34,000
hang around and pester the people who

820
00:36:37,350 --> 00:36:35,710
work there to sell its you again that

821
00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:37,360
sort of thing that's exactly what it's

822
00:36:41,730 --> 00:36:39,520
there for to enable those kids that

823
00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:41,740
really have that fascination and really

824
00:36:45,840 --> 00:36:43,690
want to explore and learn more to give

825
00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:45,850
those kids an opportunity to get access

826
00:36:49,800 --> 00:36:47,650
to those kinds of objects and specimens

827
00:36:52,620 --> 00:36:49,810
yeah I remember the snakes quite well

828
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:52,630
actually it was several different snakes

829
00:36:58,770 --> 00:36:57,010
and you could actually handle them they

830
00:37:00,630 --> 00:36:58,780
let you pay am I suppose they weren't

831
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:00,640
the tenement well you know things have

832
00:37:03,480 --> 00:37:01,930
changed a little bit with museum in a

833
00:37:05,250 --> 00:37:03,490
box we certainly don't send out any lies

834
00:37:07,170 --> 00:37:05,260
anymore that would be a bit of a

835
00:37:08,460 --> 00:37:07,180
surprise to the teachers but you know

836
00:37:10,170 --> 00:37:08,470
over the years we've had a lot of

837
00:37:11,850 --> 00:37:10,180
different outreach programs we did have

838
00:37:13,830 --> 00:37:11,860
the train we've had I think there was a

839
00:37:16,530 --> 00:37:13,840
bus that used to go around as well we

840
00:37:18,300 --> 00:37:16,540
also up until about five years ago I had

841
00:37:20,250 --> 00:37:18,310
a program called museum on a row on the

842
00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:20,260
road that was both an indigenous and

843
00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:22,210
then another one was a dinosaur one that

844
00:37:26,220 --> 00:37:24,330
would go out now those kinds of things

845
00:37:27,460 --> 00:37:26,230
you know we're always looking at

846
00:37:29,260 --> 00:37:27,470
reinventing

847
00:37:30,820 --> 00:37:29,270
those kinds of activities but museum in

848
00:37:32,140 --> 00:37:30,830
a box is one of those ones that outlived

849
00:37:33,790 --> 00:37:32,150
them all it's been around longer than

850
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:33,800
the train and it's still going so the

851
00:37:39,640 --> 00:37:37,010
idea is basically teachers and get a box

852
00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:39,650
yes the Crocs um yeah so it goes to

853
00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:41,090
teachers often that the school library

854
00:37:46,089 --> 00:37:44,210
will take it and some of the central

855
00:37:47,890 --> 00:37:46,099
schools and Regional schools will have

856
00:37:50,380 --> 00:37:47,900
everything every single student will

857
00:37:52,750 --> 00:37:50,390
have access and we'll go through they

858
00:37:54,099 --> 00:37:52,760
get them for three weeks it gets sent

859
00:37:56,500 --> 00:37:54,109
out we organize all the freight and

860
00:37:58,570 --> 00:37:56,510
delivery and they send her back and do

861
00:37:59,980 --> 00:37:58,580
you find that you do much traveling in

862
00:38:03,070 --> 00:37:59,990
this job will you really based here

863
00:38:05,320 --> 00:38:03,080
museum I do try to get out and about at

864
00:38:07,089 --> 00:38:05,330
least what I would your shoes at least

865
00:38:09,700 --> 00:38:07,099
once a year I try to do a big regional

866
00:38:12,490 --> 00:38:09,710
trip and try to pick an area that we

867
00:38:15,220 --> 00:38:12,500
don't have a lot of access to so it'll

868
00:38:16,900 --> 00:38:15,230
often be it will rotate around this some

869
00:38:18,700 --> 00:38:16,910
areas that are really strong users of

870
00:38:20,170 --> 00:38:18,710
the program and other areas that don't

871
00:38:23,770 --> 00:38:20,180
at all so we try to target those areas

872
00:38:26,200 --> 00:38:23,780
and go visiting unfortunately I go at

873
00:38:28,270 --> 00:38:26,210
the wrong time of year in review well I

874
00:38:30,790 --> 00:38:28,280
went west last year in the middle of

875
00:38:34,270 --> 00:38:30,800
winter and it was it got it got very

876
00:38:36,099 --> 00:38:34,280
cold and we were camping so it was it

877
00:38:38,740 --> 00:38:36,109
was a bit of a challenge but an exciting

878
00:38:40,240 --> 00:38:38,750
trip and as part of science in the city

879
00:38:41,980 --> 00:38:40,250
in those kinds of programs we run

880
00:38:44,410 --> 00:38:41,990
science and the suburbs and science and

881
00:38:46,510 --> 00:38:44,420
the bush yeah and so I'm often part of

882
00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:46,520
those so they go out to regional centers

883
00:38:50,500 --> 00:38:48,680
as well so I try to go to as many of

884
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:50,510
those as I can I think it was involved

885
00:38:54,099 --> 00:38:52,130
in science in the suburb of about four

886
00:38:57,130 --> 00:38:54,109
or five years back at it's an Olympic

887
00:38:58,990 --> 00:38:57,140
Park yes yes indeed i was doing image to

888
00:39:00,520 --> 00:38:59,000
investigators yeah that's right so we

889
00:39:02,380 --> 00:39:00,530
still do that every year sales out i was

890
00:39:03,849 --> 00:39:02,390
out there for 4 this year's events and

891
00:39:05,890 --> 00:39:03,859
i'll be going out to orange and narrow

892
00:39:08,230 --> 00:39:05,900
Brian September for the science and the

893
00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:08,240
bush there as well so they've also done

894
00:39:14,910 --> 00:39:13,010
Walker an Aubree did dubbo last year so

895
00:39:17,140 --> 00:39:14,920
we've made they do all of those regional

896
00:39:19,240 --> 00:39:17,150
big science event so it's like many

897
00:39:21,010 --> 00:39:19,250
science in the cities but we go to them

898
00:39:22,780 --> 00:39:21,020
so it's really that's a really exciting

899
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:22,790
program and I try to go to as many of

900
00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:24,800
those as I can so I can so I can get out

901
00:39:30,099 --> 00:39:26,530
Bush as well must be very gratifying

902
00:39:31,900 --> 00:39:30,109
it's it is when we had a really exciting

903
00:39:33,310 --> 00:39:31,910
one that we just started doing video

904
00:39:34,060 --> 00:39:33,320
conferencing for a lot of regional

905
00:39:35,890 --> 00:39:34,070
school

906
00:39:38,230 --> 00:39:35,900
so it was our first year that we're done

907
00:39:40,270 --> 00:39:38,240
video conferencing we had through the

908
00:39:42,190 --> 00:39:40,280
country areas program had all of these

909
00:39:45,190 --> 00:39:42,200
regional schools I think we had you know

910
00:39:48,190 --> 00:39:45,200
25 schools and about a thousand students

911
00:39:50,440 --> 00:39:48,200
in 11 video conference which was a bit

912
00:39:53,290 --> 00:39:50,450
daunting but two weeks later we were

913
00:39:54,850 --> 00:39:53,300
down at all breeding and I had a student

914
00:39:57,340 --> 00:39:54,860
come up to me and said I saw you on TV

915
00:39:59,920 --> 00:39:57,350
I'll remember this student leaves four

916
00:40:02,650 --> 00:39:59,930
hours out of town out of away from

917
00:40:04,540 --> 00:40:02,660
Aubree in a really remote regional area

918
00:40:06,460 --> 00:40:04,550
and within the space of two weeks that

919
00:40:08,290 --> 00:40:06,470
had to you know face-to-face contacts

920
00:40:10,090 --> 00:40:08,300
with Australia museum staff so that was

921
00:40:12,130 --> 00:40:10,100
one of those really exciting moments to

922
00:40:15,010 --> 00:40:12,140
think that the students are really it

923
00:40:16,600 --> 00:40:15,020
was so excited to see is there live that

924
00:40:19,180 --> 00:40:16,610
we made the area to go down there to see

925
00:40:20,530 --> 00:40:19,190
them but also that you know because it

926
00:40:22,420 --> 00:40:20,540
was through video conferencing would be

927
00:40:24,370 --> 00:40:22,430
kind of bi you know you came to see us

928
00:40:25,930 --> 00:40:24,380
so when they go when we do video

929
00:40:27,550 --> 00:40:25,940
conferencing and things like that the

930
00:40:29,320 --> 00:40:27,560
kids will say I went to the Australian

931
00:40:30,730 --> 00:40:29,330
Museum even if you have never live in

932
00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:30,740
school so it's really really exciting

933
00:40:34,630 --> 00:40:33,050
that we can use our physical presence

934
00:40:36,610 --> 00:40:34,640
and going out to events as well as our

935
00:40:39,250 --> 00:40:36,620
video conferencing and resources like

936
00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:39,260
Museum in a box so yeah we really do try

937
00:40:44,170 --> 00:40:41,210
to get out there to to sort of some of

938
00:40:46,930 --> 00:40:44,180
the remote places and and New South

939
00:40:48,970 --> 00:40:46,940
Wales has many remote places when you

940
00:40:51,250 --> 00:40:48,980
think about yeah off the beaten track I

941
00:40:54,730 --> 00:40:51,260
mean if we're thinking about way up in

942
00:40:57,670 --> 00:40:54,740
the north-west of the state oh I don't

943
00:40:59,500 --> 00:40:57,680
know you do you have a program where you

944
00:41:01,570 --> 00:40:59,510
try to cover every part of the state

945
00:41:03,010 --> 00:41:01,580
over a number of years and we are

946
00:41:05,500 --> 00:41:03,020
looking at it I certainly this year I

947
00:41:07,870 --> 00:41:05,510
was going to go to book but

948
00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:07,880
unfortunately i'm not going to be able

949
00:41:11,380 --> 00:41:09,410
to go physically and i'll be actually

950
00:41:14,260 --> 00:41:11,390
doing that with my video conferencing

951
00:41:16,270 --> 00:41:14,270
now and they are looking at whether or

952
00:41:18,700 --> 00:41:16,280
not it's feasible to do a science in the

953
00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:18,710
bush at berk yeah we have talked about

954
00:41:23,470 --> 00:41:20,810
doing one at Broken Hill the further

955
00:41:25,420 --> 00:41:23,480
away we go the more difficult it is to

956
00:41:29,470 --> 00:41:25,430
get funding to be able to go out and run

957
00:41:31,450 --> 00:41:29,480
the events so yeah we do try to really

958
00:41:34,450 --> 00:41:31,460
look at where different events are and

959
00:41:35,740 --> 00:41:34,460
how we can get really good coverage so

960
00:41:38,080 --> 00:41:35,750
it's just a matter of trying to rotate

961
00:41:41,590 --> 00:41:38,090
around a little bit a lot of the science

962
00:41:44,110 --> 00:41:41,600
and the bushes events run as at the

963
00:41:46,390 --> 00:41:44,120
university campuses so you know they

964
00:41:48,130 --> 00:41:46,400
have partnerships with a lot of the univ

965
00:41:51,059 --> 00:41:48,140
to be able to go out and be saving these

966
00:41:53,019 --> 00:41:51,069
sounds like a very good idea for our

967
00:41:56,740 --> 00:41:53,029
especially for our United States

968
00:41:58,420 --> 00:41:56,750
listeners when we saying this this is

969
00:42:01,870 --> 00:41:58,430
involved with this this state we're in

970
00:42:05,859 --> 00:42:01,880
New South Wales the states in Australia

971
00:42:07,750 --> 00:42:05,869
by and large really because you could

972
00:42:09,750 --> 00:42:07,760
fiddle many of the United States into

973
00:42:12,430 --> 00:42:09,760
just our state of New South Wales and if

974
00:42:14,049 --> 00:42:12,440
to save me explain it to you just run to

975
00:42:15,819 --> 00:42:14,059
google maps and have a look at the size

976
00:42:18,039 --> 00:42:15,829
of a new south wales so it's a daunting

977
00:42:19,539 --> 00:42:18,049
task through other states have the

978
00:42:21,609 --> 00:42:19,549
similar program I would imagine they do

979
00:42:24,569 --> 00:42:21,619
yeah I'm certainly the queensland museum

980
00:42:27,130 --> 00:42:24,579
has a really strong loan program as well

981
00:42:29,620 --> 00:42:27,140
we do you know we do try not to cross

982
00:42:32,289 --> 00:42:29,630
too many borders and I'm we let

983
00:42:34,690 --> 00:42:32,299
Queensland do what they do best they run

984
00:42:37,990 --> 00:42:34,700
it their program site differently to the

985
00:42:40,359 --> 00:42:38,000
way we do we everything comes from from

986
00:42:42,309 --> 00:42:40,369
us the hub here and goes out whereas

987
00:42:44,799 --> 00:42:42,319
because Queensland is even bigger a

988
00:42:46,750 --> 00:42:44,809
state that you just Wales they have some

989
00:42:48,670 --> 00:42:46,760
regional hubs that they send the boxes

990
00:42:51,279 --> 00:42:48,680
to and then that location is in charge

991
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:51,289
of sort of sending their box type

992
00:42:56,349 --> 00:42:53,690
program out from the original hub so

993
00:42:57,970 --> 00:42:56,359
it's a slightly different way that they

994
00:43:00,160 --> 00:42:57,980
structure because they are such a big

995
00:43:02,349 --> 00:43:00,170
state oh yeah yeah and western australia

996
00:43:04,210 --> 00:43:02,359
to is even bigger yes that's right good

997
00:43:05,890 --> 00:43:04,220
fit you could fit new south wales and

998
00:43:07,510 --> 00:43:05,900
queensland into western australia yeah

999
00:43:10,539 --> 00:43:07,520
with a bit of space to yes that's right

1000
00:43:12,130 --> 00:43:10,549
it's ridiculous you know people in

1001
00:43:14,680 --> 00:43:12,140
especially in this state of New South

1002
00:43:17,289 --> 00:43:14,690
Wales a very interested I'm sure in what

1003
00:43:19,990 --> 00:43:17,299
you're you're you're doing and may be

1004
00:43:22,120 --> 00:43:20,000
very interested to find out more how can

1005
00:43:25,349 --> 00:43:22,130
they find out more well certainly the

1006
00:43:28,690 --> 00:43:25,359
Australian Museum website is great

1007
00:43:30,099 --> 00:43:28,700
Australian Museum neto you from there

1008
00:43:31,750 --> 00:43:30,109
there's a whole section on education

1009
00:43:33,250 --> 00:43:31,760
services where you can see a lot of what

1010
00:43:35,829 --> 00:43:33,260
we're doing it's got museum in a box

1011
00:43:37,299 --> 00:43:35,839
it's got on-site visits it's got science

1012
00:43:39,220 --> 00:43:37,309
than the suburbs science and the bush

1013
00:43:41,680 --> 00:43:39,230
science in the city it's got our things

1014
00:43:43,809 --> 00:43:41,690
on video conferencing and it's got a lot

1015
00:43:45,339 --> 00:43:43,819
of one run long online resources for

1016
00:43:48,579 --> 00:43:45,349
teachers as well so that's a really good

1017
00:43:50,319 --> 00:43:48,589
way and you can email me or contact me

1018
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:50,329
through the website can play in your

1019
00:43:53,529 --> 00:43:52,010
details are on the web that's right you

1020
00:43:54,109 --> 00:43:53,539
can search me on the website too and you

1021
00:43:56,480 --> 00:43:54,119
can come up

1022
00:43:58,069 --> 00:43:56,490
has my phone number and you can send a

1023
00:44:01,309 --> 00:43:58,079
direct contact email just from that

1024
00:44:03,559 --> 00:44:01,319
clicking Mexican how easy it is how very

1025
00:44:05,890 --> 00:44:03,569
easy is that we love technology the days

1026
00:44:08,420 --> 00:44:05,900
when I used to run to the to the train

1027
00:44:10,099 --> 00:44:08,430
in the late seventies because that was

1028
00:44:15,289 --> 00:44:10,109
one of the biggest events that happen in

1029
00:44:17,509 --> 00:44:15,299
my my little town probably or near and

1030
00:44:20,019 --> 00:44:17,519
now it was it was a it was so good and

1031
00:44:23,569 --> 00:44:20,029
the fact that I still remember it fondly

1032
00:44:25,910 --> 00:44:23,579
how thump teen years later is a good

1033
00:44:29,420 --> 00:44:25,920
indication and I hope many probably a

1034
00:44:30,890 --> 00:44:29,430
lot of listeners who grew up in country

1035
00:44:33,620 --> 00:44:30,900
New South Wales will probably be right

1036
00:44:36,079 --> 00:44:33,630
now thinking oh I remember the museum

1037
00:44:38,509 --> 00:44:36,089
trainer yeah we definitely have lots of

1038
00:44:40,489 --> 00:44:38,519
people that that have those memories of

1039
00:44:44,059 --> 00:44:40,499
we actually have a couple of staff

1040
00:44:45,499 --> 00:44:44,069
members here that came from regional New

1041
00:44:47,690 --> 00:44:45,509
South Wales and remembered museum in a

1042
00:44:49,279 --> 00:44:47,700
box and remember the train and you know

1043
00:44:51,650 --> 00:44:49,289
I've had people say to me know I wanted

1044
00:44:54,200 --> 00:44:51,660
to work at a museum source of music box

1045
00:44:56,690 --> 00:44:54,210
so I can't take credit of what happened

1046
00:44:58,190 --> 00:44:56,700
you know before my time but I've been

1047
00:44:59,630 --> 00:44:58,200
working on the program for the last four

1048
00:45:01,759 --> 00:44:59,640
years and it's probably you know been a

1049
00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:01,769
bit of a highlight of my time here at

1050
00:45:06,019 --> 00:45:04,170
the Museum fantastic work and welcome to

1051
00:45:09,620 --> 00:45:06,029
the wonderful and wacky and bizarre

1052
00:45:10,999 --> 00:45:09,630
world of skepticism painful and I'm so

1053
00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:11,009
pleased that you're doing such great

1054
00:45:24,420 --> 00:45:13,470
outreach work here at the Australian

1055
00:45:30,670 --> 00:45:28,210
hi this is scary papi i am ross Fletcher

1056
00:45:34,120 --> 00:45:30,680
okay Ross hey we're from a podcast

1057
00:45:35,860 --> 00:45:34,130
called oh no roster kerry we find out

1058
00:45:37,240 --> 00:45:35,870
what happens when you show up and ask

1059
00:45:39,490 --> 00:45:37,250
questions we've hung out with the

1060
00:45:42,070 --> 00:45:39,500
Cabalists the Mormons we've gone and

1061
00:45:44,530 --> 00:45:42,080
gotten ear candle gone to the Sikhs we

1062
00:45:46,120 --> 00:45:44,540
show up so you don't have to so find out

1063
00:45:48,250 --> 00:45:46,130
where we're going next we'll even have

1064
00:45:50,650 --> 00:45:48,260
special episodes where we have famous

1065
00:45:52,630 --> 00:45:50,660
guests like Brian Dalton from mr. deity

1066
00:45:54,670 --> 00:45:52,640
you heard that awesome theme music he

1067
00:45:58,840 --> 00:45:54,680
wrote that you should come visit us at

1068
00:46:02,020 --> 00:45:58,850
Oh No podcast.com or facebook.com slash

1069
00:46:05,890 --> 00:46:02,030
on rack what the hell's on a cross Oh in

1070
00:46:12,290 --> 00:46:05,900
RAC Oh Oh No Ross and Carrie that's our

1071
00:46:17,430 --> 00:46:15,810
and now we come to die stas number three

1072
00:46:19,710 --> 00:46:17,440
all those people out there who predicted

1073
00:46:24,060 --> 00:46:19,720
17 for the first toss and five for the

1074
00:46:26,730 --> 00:46:24,070
second oh oh boy but you can't wait here

1075
00:46:33,090 --> 00:46:26,740
it comes think of the number warming up

1076
00:46:53,130 --> 00:46:33,100
the dice now here it comes the third

1077
00:46:55,040 --> 00:46:53,140
number is 15 well of science week

1078
00:46:57,420 --> 00:46:55,050
kicking off I've come down here to

1079
00:47:00,660 --> 00:46:57,430
Martin place here in Sydney the great

1080
00:47:04,770 --> 00:47:00,670
vestrion more where I've just missed in

1081
00:47:07,710 --> 00:47:04,780
fact the science the kickoff for signs

1082
00:47:10,830 --> 00:47:07,720
week however there are still some people

1083
00:47:15,690 --> 00:47:10,840
here as the rain comes down and I'm at

1084
00:47:18,090 --> 00:47:15,700
this wonderful stand here run by none

1085
00:47:19,950 --> 00:47:18,100
other than glitz to give the wife Arthur

1086
00:47:21,990 --> 00:47:19,960
once again from a grain of salt in the

1087
00:47:24,720 --> 00:47:22,000
Australian skeptics and she's got a

1088
00:47:28,950 --> 00:47:24,730
whole stand here dedicated to chocolate

1089
00:47:32,010 --> 00:47:28,960
oh yes oh yes friends chocolate in fact

1090
00:47:33,870 --> 00:47:32,020
there's cocoa beans here and powder and

1091
00:47:35,010 --> 00:47:33,880
all sorts of this milk powder cocoa

1092
00:47:37,170 --> 00:47:35,020
butter

1093
00:47:39,930 --> 00:47:37,180
lots of different varieties of chopped

1094
00:47:43,710 --> 00:47:39,940
us on display and I might be able even

1095
00:47:45,390 --> 00:47:43,720
to have a sample of that let's find out

1096
00:47:48,140 --> 00:47:45,400
a little bit more about why this so much

1097
00:47:52,010 --> 00:47:49,910
oops I've caught up with you hello

1098
00:47:53,539 --> 00:47:52,020
goleta know each other so nice to see

1099
00:47:55,789 --> 00:47:53,549
you again lovely to see you each other

1100
00:47:59,480 --> 00:47:55,799
thank you sorry I turned up late but the

1101
00:48:00,890 --> 00:47:59,490
traffic today was terrible ah what did i

1102
00:48:02,539 --> 00:48:00,900
miss i know we're surrounded by

1103
00:48:04,849 --> 00:48:02,549
chocolate why are we surrounded by

1104
00:48:06,710 --> 00:48:04,859
Chopin because I love chocolate this

1105
00:48:08,180 --> 00:48:06,720
should be a better reason I know because

1106
00:48:10,160 --> 00:48:08,190
I love chocolate and chocolate is very

1107
00:48:14,599 --> 00:48:10,170
interesting in terms of the science

1108
00:48:16,609 --> 00:48:14,609
behind it quite an interesting thing to

1109
00:48:20,120 --> 00:48:16,619
work with because cocoa butter is very

1110
00:48:22,880 --> 00:48:20,130
complex fact that can solidify in five

1111
00:48:25,430 --> 00:48:22,890
actually six different forms and that

1112
00:48:27,470 --> 00:48:25,440
will influence how your chocolate will

1113
00:48:29,839 --> 00:48:27,480
be blood so if you have the right form

1114
00:48:31,849 --> 00:48:29,849
of crystals in your chocolate or in your

1115
00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:31,859
cocoa butter you will end up with a

1116
00:48:36,559 --> 00:48:33,930
product that have snap and have a gloss

1117
00:48:39,109 --> 00:48:36,569
and if it's not you will end up with

1118
00:48:41,660 --> 00:48:39,119
really dull product and we're looking at

1119
00:48:43,069 --> 00:48:41,670
some down a table here that's an

1120
00:48:45,440 --> 00:48:43,079
tempered chocolate this is the same

1121
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:45,450
chocolate that is out of Stanford so you

1122
00:48:50,059 --> 00:48:48,000
don't have the correct or the desirable

1123
00:48:51,500 --> 00:48:50,069
crystals and that's why I change the

1124
00:48:54,289 --> 00:48:51,510
appearance and it has like a great

1125
00:48:56,299 --> 00:48:54,299
powdery appearance it looks like it

1126
00:48:58,250 --> 00:48:56,309
doesn't it very edible dunno you can eat

1127
00:49:00,319 --> 00:48:58,260
it you think it's the same yeah really

1128
00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:00,329
and just out of temper so what's

1129
00:49:05,319 --> 00:49:02,490
happening i melted my chocolate and then

1130
00:49:08,569 --> 00:49:05,329
the fat the cocoa butter did not

1131
00:49:11,029 --> 00:49:08,579
solidify in the desirable way that will

1132
00:49:13,460 --> 00:49:11,039
give you the snap and the gloss that we

1133
00:49:15,079 --> 00:49:13,470
are after you've got that next to the

1134
00:49:17,539 --> 00:49:15,089
real stuff here of the real commercial

1135
00:49:19,990 --> 00:49:17,549
stuff which is just break some of that

1136
00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:20,000
off looks lovely and shiny and

1137
00:49:24,640 --> 00:49:22,370
very nice as well now I get to eat the

1138
00:49:26,290 --> 00:49:24,650
chocolate and we've got lucky Josh at

1139
00:49:29,110 --> 00:49:26,300
Chapel on white chocolate dark chocolate

1140
00:49:31,210 --> 00:49:29,120
milk tub yes and the different

1141
00:49:33,250 --> 00:49:31,220
chocolates have different things inside

1142
00:49:36,550 --> 00:49:33,260
them so for example the dark chocolate

1143
00:49:40,180 --> 00:49:36,560
is made from cocoa mass which is the

1144
00:49:41,890 --> 00:49:40,190
center of the cacao beans grinded and on

1145
00:49:44,740 --> 00:49:41,900
top of that we have in the dark

1146
00:49:48,310 --> 00:49:44,750
chocolate sugar in the milk chocolate we

1147
00:49:49,990 --> 00:49:48,320
have the addition of milk powder milk

1148
00:49:51,610 --> 00:49:50,000
solids so we're going to have the cocoa

1149
00:49:54,310 --> 00:49:51,620
mass component we're going to have the

1150
00:49:58,950 --> 00:49:54,320
sugar obviously and we're going to have

1151
00:50:01,690 --> 00:49:58,960
their the cocoa butter and cocoa powder

1152
00:50:03,220 --> 00:50:01,700
they're a white chocolate is different

1153
00:50:05,020 --> 00:50:03,230
and the reason that is different is

1154
00:50:06,970 --> 00:50:05,030
because we don't have the cocoa powder

1155
00:50:09,550 --> 00:50:06,980
they are that's why the color is white

1156
00:50:12,370 --> 00:50:09,560
so in the white chocolate white

1157
00:50:14,290 --> 00:50:12,380
chocolate I don't like it you just wait

1158
00:50:17,110 --> 00:50:14,300
since two sickening for me I love the

1159
00:50:19,090 --> 00:50:17,120
dark wand a full-on biggest one I'm

1160
00:50:21,130 --> 00:50:19,100
picking up the jar now this is the the

1161
00:50:23,440 --> 00:50:21,140
dark dark chocolate we answer all they

1162
00:50:25,090 --> 00:50:23,450
look good yeah but they all look good to

1163
00:50:26,860 --> 00:50:25,100
me i mean i do enjoy every form of

1164
00:50:28,570 --> 00:50:26,870
chocolate i think chocolate with a bit

1165
00:50:30,580 --> 00:50:28,580
of chili in it it's surely are that's

1166
00:50:32,170 --> 00:50:30,590
very nice chocolate actually be just

1167
00:50:34,660 --> 00:50:32,180
before i was very lucky i got the last

1168
00:50:36,210 --> 00:50:34,670
little taste of a very interesting

1169
00:50:40,330 --> 00:50:36,220
chocolate there it is under the table

1170
00:50:43,030 --> 00:50:40,340
it's chocolate and blue cheese exactly

1171
00:50:44,890 --> 00:50:43,040
an interesting taste it is interesting

1172
00:50:46,690 --> 00:50:44,900
and that's was the whole point no just

1173
00:50:48,460 --> 00:50:46,700
to make something that say you try every

1174
00:50:51,440 --> 00:50:48,470
words about stepping out of your comfort

1175
00:50:52,970 --> 00:50:51,450
zone and trying different combinations

1176
00:50:54,440 --> 00:50:52,980
and they're dark chocolate and blue

1177
00:50:58,070 --> 00:50:54,450
cheese are really nice combination

1178
00:50:59,540 --> 00:50:58,080
together it's I must admit I I tayson I

1179
00:51:01,520 --> 00:50:59,550
could taste blue cheese and I can face

1180
00:51:03,290 --> 00:51:01,530
chocolate and it's a bit confusing

1181
00:51:06,320 --> 00:51:03,300
because I've never had the two together

1182
00:51:08,120 --> 00:51:06,330
it wasn't bad it was just very unusual

1183
00:51:09,170 --> 00:51:08,130
unusual yellow and that's the whole

1184
00:51:12,620 --> 00:51:09,180
point to have something a bit unusual

1185
00:51:15,020 --> 00:51:12,630
and making this ice cream with liquid

1186
00:51:18,800 --> 00:51:15,030
nitrogen actually contribute to a very

1187
00:51:21,380 --> 00:51:18,810
very cream smoothie smoothie mixture but

1188
00:51:23,690 --> 00:51:21,390
you went to visit dr. hei Anderson I did

1189
00:51:26,300 --> 00:51:23,700
and actually made a few batches of ice

1190
00:51:28,730 --> 00:51:26,310
cream with Rachel a lovely Rachel it was

1191
00:51:31,460 --> 00:51:28,740
so nice to host me and help me with

1192
00:51:33,560 --> 00:51:31,470
liquid nitrogen so yeah so it's a good

1193
00:51:35,690 --> 00:51:33,570
opportunity to thank her for being so

1194
00:51:37,190 --> 00:51:35,700
lovely and hospitable and help me with

1195
00:51:38,660 --> 00:51:37,200
my ice cream it's good to know a

1196
00:51:40,250 --> 00:51:38,670
scientist it's always good to know

1197
00:51:42,380 --> 00:51:40,260
scientists more than the more the

1198
00:51:43,640 --> 00:51:42,390
merrier and I can see around so give

1199
00:51:49,070 --> 00:51:43,650
himself over there he's helping himself

1200
00:51:51,890 --> 00:51:49,080
to some of these goodies mouth it's very

1201
00:51:53,420 --> 00:51:51,900
dangerous you're a little stole here in

1202
00:51:55,190 --> 00:51:53,430
the middle the city today that was very

1203
00:51:56,720 --> 00:51:55,200
popular i think it was actually because

1204
00:51:58,190 --> 00:51:56,730
people love chocolate and i think to

1205
00:52:00,320 --> 00:51:58,200
understand chocolate makes you

1206
00:52:02,120 --> 00:52:00,330
appreciate the product even more than

1207
00:52:03,350 --> 00:52:02,130
for even more yeah and especially when

1208
00:52:05,840 --> 00:52:03,360
you get to know a little bit about the

1209
00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:05,850
science behind the chocolate tastes even

1210
00:52:11,150 --> 00:52:09,210
better yeah how people can certainly if

1211
00:52:14,510 --> 00:52:11,160
they interested and I'm sure they will

1212
00:52:18,650 --> 00:52:14,520
be in what you do they can visit your

1213
00:52:21,380 --> 00:52:18,660
website which is the website is www of

1214
00:52:23,660 --> 00:52:21,390
course goleta como tu and i'm going to

1215
00:52:25,580 --> 00:52:23,670
do a few events during the science week

1216
00:52:27,320 --> 00:52:25,590
in different places

1217
00:52:29,780 --> 00:52:27,330
so a few chocolate events a little bit

1218
00:52:32,660 --> 00:52:29,790
of molecular gastronomy in the Botanic

1219
00:52:35,030 --> 00:52:32,670
Garden so a lot of interesting stuff for

1220
00:52:36,530 --> 00:52:35,040
kids and for adults so I'm good that's

1221
00:52:38,270 --> 00:52:36,540
that's really good might come along to

1222
00:52:42,080 --> 00:52:38,280
everything just to make sure the

1223
00:52:47,030 --> 00:52:42,090
chocolates up the quality so it's w WGAL

1224
00:52:48,620 --> 00:52:47,040
I tcom a you glee thank you for your

1225
00:53:02,870 --> 00:52:48,630
time and thank you for your chocolate

1226
00:53:07,710 --> 00:53:05,670
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1227
00:53:10,680 --> 00:53:07,720
zone this week what an interesting show

1228
00:53:13,109 --> 00:53:10,690
on next week's show even more from Tam

1229
00:53:15,300 --> 00:53:13,119
Las Vegas the more I think about it the

1230
00:53:17,520 --> 00:53:15,310
more I just can't believe that we got so

1231
00:53:19,530 --> 00:53:17,530
much material from Tam Las Vegas well

1232
00:53:22,010 --> 00:53:19,540
thanks very much to dr. 'he who was

1233
00:53:23,970 --> 00:53:22,020
there slightly longer than i was and

1234
00:53:26,010 --> 00:53:23,980
thank you to those people who have been

1235
00:53:28,710 --> 00:53:26,020
writing and asking about the think tank

1236
00:53:31,920 --> 00:53:28,720
yes we haven't had as many think tanks

1237
00:53:34,650 --> 00:53:31,930
as our normal lately partly due to me

1238
00:53:38,190 --> 00:53:34,660
being very busy with television

1239
00:53:39,750 --> 00:53:38,200
commitments and also it's just not

1240
00:53:41,790 --> 00:53:39,760
always easy to get everybody together

1241
00:53:44,130 --> 00:53:41,800
but we're going to have a try try for a

1242
00:53:47,460 --> 00:53:44,140
good girl fashion back to our roots

1243
00:53:49,740 --> 00:53:47,470
think tank hopefully next week but until

1244
00:53:54,720 --> 00:53:49,750
all oh sorry yes I was forgetting the

1245
00:53:57,090 --> 00:53:54,730
last toss ah the last us so toss number

1246
00:54:01,590 --> 00:53:57,100
one was 17 toss number two is five tops

1247
00:54:04,040 --> 00:54:01,600
number three was 15 here we go if anyone

1248
00:54:07,380 --> 00:54:04,050
gets this last one you've beaten odds of

1249
00:54:17,160 --> 00:54:07,390
160,000 21 the last toss of the 20-sided

1250
00:54:19,770 --> 00:54:17,170
dice last toss is number 10 this is

1251
00:54:26,040 --> 00:54:19,780
Richard Saunders signing off from Sydney

1252
00:54:30,720 --> 00:54:26,050
Australia you've been listening to the

1253
00:54:34,560 --> 00:54:30,730
skeptic zone visit our website at www